What is a Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder, known medically as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition in which the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint becomes inflamed, thickened, and tight. As the capsule contracts, the shoulder becomes progressively stiffer and more painful, until even simple motions like reaching overhead, fastening a seatbelt, or reaching behind your back become difficult.
Frozen shoulder most often affects adults between 40 and 60, and it is more common in women and in patients with diabetes or thyroid conditions. It can develop on its own, or after an injury or a period of immobilization.
Signs & Symptoms of a Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder typically moves through three stages, and the whole process can take months to years without treatment:
- Freezing stage: Pain gradually increases and the shoulder slowly loses range of motion. Pain is often worse at night.
- Frozen stage: Pain may begin to ease, but the stiffness remains. Daily activities that require reaching become very limited.
- Thawing stage: Range of motion slowly improves as the capsule loosens.
An evaluation consisting of a history, physical examination, and imaging studies helps distinguish frozen shoulder from other causes of shoulder pain, such as a rotator cuff tear or arthritis.
Treatment for a Frozen Shoulder
The good news: most frozen shoulders improve without surgery, and treatment can shorten the course of the condition considerably.
Non-surgical
- Stretching and range-of-motion exercises – The cornerstone of treatment, focused on gently restoring motion as inflammation settles.
- Anti-inflammatories – Used to reduce the pain and inflammation of the capsule, particularly in the freezing stage.
- Corticosteroid injections – An injection into the shoulder joint can decrease inflammation, relieve pain, and make stretching far more productive.
Surgical
When stiffness persists despite a dedicated course of conservative care, surgical options such as manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release can free the tightened capsule and restore motion. Dr. Jackson will discuss whether these options are appropriate for your specific situation.
When to See a Specialist
Because frozen shoulder responds best when treated early, persistent shoulder stiffness deserves an evaluation. Schedule an appointment or call (210) 729-1900.